SD 1

Bandwidth

The diameter of the pipe. Determines the maximum theoretical capacity of pens side-by-side.

Throughput

The actual flow rate. How many pens successfully exit the pipe per second.

10 MB/s

Latency

The length of the pipe. The time it takes one single pen to travel from end to end.

⏱️ 42ms

IOPS

Input/Output Operations. How fast the system at the end can grab and process the arriving pens.

⚙️

Jitter

Inconsistent latency. Pens arrive in clumps or stalls rather than a steady stream.

Packet Loss

Holes in the network pipe where data (pens) is dropped and never reaches the destination.

Bottleneck

When a high-capacity pipe forces data into a low-capacity pipe, causing a traffic jam.

Buffering / Queuing

A temporary holding area (bucket) when data arrives faster than IOPS can process it.

Parallelism vs Concurrency

Parallel: One massive pipe handling tasks simultaneously. Concurrent: Multiple separate pipes overlapping tasks.

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