SD 1
Bandwidth
The diameter of the pipe. Determines the maximum theoretical capacity of pens side-by-side.
Throughput
The actual flow rate. How many pens successfully exit the pipe per second.
Latency
The length of the pipe. The time it takes one single pen to travel from end to end.
IOPS
Input/Output Operations. How fast the system at the end can grab and process the arriving pens.
Jitter
Inconsistent latency. Pens arrive in clumps or stalls rather than a steady stream.
Packet Loss
Holes in the network pipe where data (pens) is dropped and never reaches the destination.
Bottleneck
When a high-capacity pipe forces data into a low-capacity pipe, causing a traffic jam.
Buffering / Queuing
A temporary holding area (bucket) when data arrives faster than IOPS can process it.
Parallelism vs Concurrency
Parallel: One massive pipe handling tasks simultaneously. Concurrent: Multiple separate pipes overlapping tasks.
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